Salam
Semoga anda makin bersemangat nak belajar....
Tips belajar
1. Jawab soalan yang anda minat atau suka dahulu.
2. Elakkan terlalu lama pada satu-satu soalan
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no 4
- Electrons emitted by a heated filament in a vacuum tube .
- They are accelerated by by a very high voltage .
- When they strike the surface of the anode, ‘the target’, x-rays are emitted.
Diagram rujuk dalam nota. Pastikan ringkas dan padat, jangan lipa label dengan betul.
no 8
a)
ii)Higher tube voltage will result in shorter . The positions of the line characteristics remains unchanged.
i) The characteristics line and is produced by electron transition within the target metal atom. Their positions depend on the atomic number of the target metal. Thus changing the target metal to one with higher atomic number will result in a shift of the and lines to region of shorter wavelength.
diagram see in your note
b)
-When electrons strike the target, they collide with atoms of the material give up most of their energy as heat.
- An electron can be decelerated by interaction with atoms of the target and in this case, it is called Bremsstrahlung(breaking radiation)
- Energy is conserved, the energy of the emitted photon must equal the loss of kinetic energy
- The continuous x-ray spectrum is explained due to such bremsstrahlung collisions in which varying amounts of energy are lost by the electrons.
no 9
a)
- high melting point because most of the electrical energy supplied is converted into heat. Thus the temperature of the target metal will be very high.
- high atomic number. Metal with low atomic number has low values of energy in the inner shell. Hence photons emitted from electron transition between these inner shells do not have wavelength in the x-ray range.
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Selamat mencuba...
ps: contoh jawapan tutor 13 akan menyusul.....
